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We conducted an experiment to determine the reproductive biology of Erigeron speciosus (Asteraceae), a perennial montane herb that is widespread throughout Western North America. Pollination of E. speciosus was manipulated to understand the following questions: (1) What is the mating system for E. speciosus (outcrossing vs. selfing)? (2) Is E. speciosus self-incompatible? (3) Does pollen donor distance affect reproductive success? (4) Is reproductive success limited by pollen receipt (i.e., pollen limitation)? We compared seed set and seed viability among five pollination treatments: ambient pollination (control), pollinator exclusion (bagged capitula), self-pollination only, and two outcrossing treatments (near and far pollen donors). We found that E. speciosus is largely self-incompatible and depends on outcrossing for its reproduction. Despite this, reproduction was not pollen-limited at our study site. We also found some evidence that E. speciosus reproduction is susceptible to outbreeding depression.